Episode 31: Evolution to Functional Medicine

The content of this podcast has not been evaluated by Health Canada or the FDA. It is educational in nature and should not be taken as medical advice. Always consult a qualified medical professional to see if a diet, lifestyle change, or supplement is right for you. Any supplements mentioned are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Please note that the opinions of the guests or hosts are their own and may not reflect those of Advanced Orthomolecular Research, Inc.

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Welcome to Supplementing Health, a podcast presented by Advanced Orthomolecular Research. We are all about applying evidence-based and effective dietary lifestyle and natural health product strategies for your optimal health. In each episode, we will feature very engaging clinicians and experts from the world of functional and naturopathic medicine to help achieve our mission to empower people to lead their best lives naturally.

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[1:38] Cassy Price: Hi, and welcome to another episode of Supplementing Health. On today’s episode, I will be discussing functional medicine and how it can help us overcome the limitations of conventional healthcare system with Dr. John Dempster. Hi, John. Thanks so much for joining me today.

[1:51] Dr. John Dempster: It’s great to be here, Cassy.

[1:53] Cassy Price: Why don’t we start today’s conversation with your journey into functional medicine.

[1:57] Dr. John Dempster: Sure. This is something I speak a lot about because I’m extremely passionate about where this type of medicine is going. My whole journey began, I would say, when I was about 13 or 14 years old. I grew up in a very traditional home. We were just a normal family doing normal things. Everybody was very active and going to school. I was the oldest of four kids. 

[2:17] But we had a year in our family where both of my parents lost a sibling within a year of each other to chronic disease. I was 13 years old, bordering on 14 when they both passed away – two uncles of mine. This was a big come-about for us as a family because my parents were like, “Whoa. What happened there.” We watched both uncles kind of go through the standard of care, and they’re dealing with chronic disease, and then we realized after the fact that they were not living healthy lifestyles, and there was a lot of things going on in dietary aspects and lifestyle aspects that gave my parents pause to say, “What can we do better as a family?”

[2:57] So this is really where we began. I grew up in a small town in northern Ontario – being that family that was suddenly doing vegetable juice before dinner and the cod liver fish oil before breakfast. We had to have a shot of that before we went to school. If we didn’t do our shot of cod liver oil, we were not allowed to go to school. There were many days where I was borderline late for school, even though I loved school.

[3:23] For me, at first, you buck that, but then I started to notice, going into my high school years and into university, it kind of just really came together. I noticed that my family was not getting sick as much as other people may be getting sick. We were all doing well with school and well with athletics, and we all flourished as a family. My parents looked great, and they looked healthy, and they felt great, and they weren’t in pain or anything like this that we were starting to see in some of our friends’ parents.

[3:52] It just kind of dawned on me, and I knew I always wanted to be in medicine, but I didn’t know anything about natural medicine or nutritional medicine, let alone functional medicine, at that point. So, I went into a traditional university pre-med degree, and all the while, I was very passionate about learning about clinical nutrition. As I was going through more and more courses in the event of becoming a medical doctor, I didn’t know of any other type of medicine at the time.

[4:17] But I kept asking questions about nutritional medicine. Of course, we would be very limited in terms of the responses we would be getting, until a friend of mine who said, “Look. You need to check out naturopathic medicine.” So, I did, and the rest is history from that angle. I switched my application at the last minute and ended up going into naturopathic medicine. 

[4:39] When I enrolled in the naturopathic medicine – again, I was always very passionate into the clinical biochemistry and into the science of how things work in the body. I was passionate about measuring and testing in order to understand how we could personalize the program to somebody as best as we could. Low and behold, more and more information was being presented to me about functional medicine. It was a brand-new term to me. I didn’t know anything about going into naturopathic medicine, but as you open one door, other doors open before you.

[5:12] The next thing I knew, I was taking courses. As I was graduating with my naturopathic degree, I was already enrolled in other courses into becoming Board Certified in Functional Medicine. That’s a really long answer, Cassy, to tell you how I ended up focusing on functional medicine in my practice.

[5:30] Cassy Price: That’s great, though. You’ve mentioned a few different modalities of medicine there, but can you describe specifically what functional medicine is compared to conventional or even naturopathic?

[5:42] Dr. John Dempster: Yeah. First of all, functional medicine is just an extension of what naturopathic medicine really is. To quote one of my mentors and one of the very public faces of functional medicine, Dr. Mark Hyman, who is a medical doctor down in Massachusetts. He sort of kidded. He said, “Look. Functional medicine is really what naturopathic doctors have been trying to do all along.” I say that only as part of the answer.

[6:06] The real answer is that it’s very patient-centred, and it’s very patient-centric in the sense that functional medicine treats the person; it doesn’t treat the label. I always say we could have five people with the similar condition in my office, and they could all walk out with a very different treatment plan based on us uncovering their blind spots or their underlying triggers.

[6:28] So it’s really a patient-centred approach that utilizes largely natural therapies. We’re, of course, looking at all the different modalities that naturopathic doctors are trained in, but now we’re quantifying it with some of this state-of-the-art testing that’s available out there, and that’s where we can customize the program is by looking at the data that we gather from these tests.

[6:48] Cassy Price: Personalized medicine has definitely been a bit of a buzzword or a buzz topic lately. Do you have to have a diagnosis or an issue to benefit from functional medicine in that personalization? Or can anyone benefit from it?

[7:04] Dr. John Dempster: Anyone can benefit from this approach. Now, granted, the majority of people that are seeking this approach, right now, are still people that are not feeling well. That’s just the nature of human suffering, in a sense, is that we wait until we’re in trouble before we seek help. Especially with health care in Canada, I find that we’re in an illness-care setting many times. We haven’t formally been trained into true wellness care yet. 

[7:30] A large percentage of my patients that is growing right now are those that are seeking not only to stay healthy but to even further improve their health. These are patients that don’t have any current condition or disease that we know. They’re just looking to improve their health. That, I am very encouraged by, as a growing body in my practice, and I’m sure many other docs that are practicing in this space, as well.

[7:55] Cassy Price: Yes, I’m sure. This industry is so dynamic. We’re always getting new information, and there are new studies and research coming out for anti-ageing or how to support the body better. Can you speak to some of the education and training that functional medicine practitioners have and what makes it a little more unique from the conventional side of things?

[8:16] Dr. John Dempster: Sure. When I did my Board Certification in Functional Medicine – I’m just going to set this out there – 90% of the people in that program with me were medical docs. This is not limited to one type of medicine or the other. It’s a growing movement that’s encompassing all health care professionals that are interested in true health and wellness. 

[8:35] It was awesome being involved with these medical docs because here they are being exposed to the merits of vitamin C and the merits of all these nutritional aspects that weren’t given to them in high volume during their medical doctor curriculum. The functional medicine doctors that I know of are largely medical doctors that are looking into this type of approach outside of their current curriculum, largely naturopathic doctors and chiropractors. Those are the main types of practitioners that we see.

[9:06] Now, to practice functional medicine, you don’t actually have to have an official certification. You can literally get out there and start practicing functional medicine. Now, there are pros and cons to that. I really wanted to make sure that I was learning as much as I could from the best teachers available, so I went and enrolled in a two-year board certification program, and I achieved a Fellowship in Functional Medicine.

[9:27] There are two really great communities that are doing this right now. One is called IFM, and the other is called A4M. Those are the two best certification programs available right now, and I would say in the world. Those are where people who are serious about functional medicine are getting trained.

[9:44] Cassy Price: What are some of the key differences in the way a functional practitioner approaches medicine compared to the conventional practitioners?

[9:52] Dr. John Dempster: We’re a systems-oriented approach, meaning that, again, it’s personalized to the patient. If someone comes to me, and let’s say they have arthritis, for example. We’re not just looking at the joint that is sore. We’re looking at all the different systems that have led to that becoming a problem. 

[10:11] Oftentimes, in the current medical model, we’re just chasing the symptoms, specifically. That’s a very broad generalization, but that’s the big difference, is that we’re going to be, as functional docs, looking at the symptoms, paying attention to the symptoms, but asking questions about, “What’s gone on upriver that’s led to this problem downstream?” 

[10:31] Now, we have to start to do the work, and we have to start to peel the layers back and start asking questions about “Where does this inflammation begin? Does it have anything to do with anything that’s going on inside their gut? Anything that’s going on inside their liver or their kidneys? Any nutritional deficiencies? Is there anything going on from a toxicity perspective? These are just some quick answers I’m giving you, but this gives you some context of some of the questions we start to ask when we’re approaching a chronic situation.

[10:59] Cassy Price: In Canada, a lot of people are used to going to their family physician or to a laboratory getting all of their treatments covered, and we only go when we’re sick. We’re not used to being proactive in that sense. So, in your opinion, what are some of the disadvantages to this current setup that could be counteracted with more practitioners practicing in a functional approach?

[11:29] Dr. John Dempster: I think, certainly, we’ve been acclimated to receive socialized healthcare, which is a wonderful thing. Don’t let me steer you astray from that. We are very fortunate living in Canada to have the healthcare system that we have. But as I alluded to earlier, there are some gaps in there, and there are many people that come to work with functional docs and many people that I’ve seen at my clinic that have fallen through these cracks of our current approach. 

[11:54] It’s not that they have a bad doctor. It’s just that there’s a system right now where it’s failing certain groups of individuals. Oftentimes, those are dealing with chronic conditions. Sometimes, that’s where the healing stops unless we come at it from a different angle. I’m saying this, again, very generally. 

[12:11] There are wonderful doctors in Canada and throughout North America that are practicing allopathic medicine, and we need those doctors. Right now, in 2020 and moving forward into the years to come, there’s never been a more important time to finally bridge these types of medicines altogether to be focusing on the patient and integrating the best of all worlds.

[12:31] I think one of our challenges is – to come back to your question – in Canada, to get our heads around, “We’ve got that socialized compartment there, which is very important. But that’s only going to take us so far. What we need to do is become advocates for our own healthcare. And this is really what true health and wellness is, is now – okay, not waiting for disease to occur, but to look for the warning signs. I like to equate it to if you’re driving your car, and you get that Check Engine light that comes on your dashboard, you don’t just unscrew that lightbulb for that Check Engine light, and then “Okay, it’s gone away,” and keep driving the car. No, you take it in, and you get it looked at. 

[13:07] If you’re starting to notice symptoms of things that are happening, whether that’s chronic fatigue, or different types of skin issues, or joint pain, or digestive issues, or hormonal imbalances, these may be seemingly small at the time, but they could be a sign of things to come, and it’s now up to us, whether we’re Canadian or wherever we’re from is to pay attention to these things and start to look for care that can create a true healing response within our body.

[13:31] So it’s a mindset shift that needs to occur with us. Just because it’s not free, that doesn’t mean that we shouldn’t be paying attention to it. We really do need to know that there are limitations to all types of medicine, and we need to integrate this for the patient.

[13:46] Cassy Price: Yeah. Absolutely. I think that’s a great point. When you are counselling a patient who is having a hard time making that mindset shift and overcoming that hurdle of paying for the much-needed treatments, what are some of the ways you help them to start to make that shift or make that jump into more of that holistic approach and understanding why some things are covered, and some aren’t?

[14:13] Dr. John Dempster: Well, you know, at the end of the day, Cassy, it’s not for me to change anybody’s mind or anything. What we do is we provide value to our patients and to people that follow us online and listen to the summits that I speak on. I’m here to provide value any way I can. Obviously, those who invest in their own health are going to often get a tremendous amount of value out of that. 

[14:34] But if they’re not ready, then they’re not ready. They need to do some thinking; they need to figure out where they are in their health journey. What we can only do at that point is continue to provide content, information, inspire them until they are ready. That’s their personal decision, and that’s really what it should be about anything in life is if you can provide value to somebody, and you can help somebody, show them how they can do that. But they have to make that decision, and when they’re ready to do that, they will.

[15:04] Cassy Price: That’s a great perspective. You had mentioned that functional can be both naturopath, chiros, family physicians, and you all utilize a lot of the same tools in your practices. Is there a difference in the way one practitioner may use, say, test results over another practitioner or are you all using slightly different testing or slightly different variations of those tools?

[15:32] Dr. John Dempster: Every practice of medicine is very unique, whether it’s functional medicine, allopathic, naturopathic, whatever it may be, it all comes down to that practitioner, and their philosophy, and their mindset on things. That’s why it’s called a practice, a functional medicine practice or medical doctor practice.

[15:51] We’re constantly looking at different things. We’re all learning different connections and pathways to bring together. Yes, we’re trained in some very similar things. We all have similar tools at our discretion. For example, in my clinic, I have over 250 different labs that we can access at any given point. 

[16:08] Does each patient get all those 250 labs? No. We look at their case history, and we really try to present a tailored approach to each patient that comes through. We often will look at any labs that have been done in the last 6 to 12 months to make sure that we’re not being redundant to pick that up where it’s left off.

[16:23] Not every doctor practice is the same. Not every lawyer practice is the same. We’re given those same sets of tools, but how we interpret the information that our patients are providing us, whether it’s through visual cues or through literally hard objective data. That can all be interpreted differently. That’s really the art and the beauty of medicine.

[16:46] Cassy Price: Do you have any specific tests or assessments that you recommend for everyone to develop a baseline? Or is it really tailored on what their issue is?

[16:59] Dr. John Dempster: It’s 100% tailored on their issue, but I certainly can tell you some of the things that we can do a lot of in our practice. I have a strong focus on autoimmune disease and a strong focus on chronic digestive issues in my practice. That may just bias some of the testing that we do already, but it’s my true belief that the gut is the gateway to virtually all health and wellness that’s out there. It’s very hard to create perfect skin if you will, or perfect energy if you’ve got all sorts of dysbiotic organisms or basically different types of bacteria and parasites and yeast that shouldn’t be in there.

[17:35] It’s very hard to achieve optimal levels of health if your foundation isn’t set. So I spend a lot of time measuring gut function and things that can impact the gut with virtually every patient that walks through. There are wonderful tests out there that can give us a tremendous amount of data measuring the beneficial bacteria, bad bacteria, yeast, parasites, viruses, inflammatory markers, intestinal permeability markers, and all sorts of things that are really necessary for your gut to function.

[18:00] Another big test that we spend a lot of time looking at with our patients is what I call an organ scan, where I run a blood test that looks at a number of different organ functions, liver function, kidney, thyroid. And I’ll pause there for a moment because thyroid often gets overlooked, I find, in some traditional workups because there are six main thyroid markers, and we want to make sure that we’re looking at all six, or else that could be overlooked a little bit.

[18:23] Thyroid is something that we see a lot in people who are dealing with fatigue and weight-gain issues, and so forth. So it’s a common thing to deal with that. But many of the other main organs, we do a quick assessment that’s in-depth, but it’s a very simple blood draw now that’s providing a tremendous amount of value in terms as to what the baseline functions of these organs are.

[18:43] And I would say another big area that we do a lot for our patients is measuring their nutrient status. Again, a different type of blood test can provide that information that can give us a sense of what their true levels of multiple nutrients are. In fact, I think our panel looks at 35 different nutrients and gives us a sense of, “Okay. This is where we need to start to bring these levels up right away.”

[19:05] As we know in science, many of these nutrients are responsible for 200 to 300 biochemical reactions every second in our body. If we don’t have those nutrients at optimal levels, we’re going to have a hard time picking up the pace on a lot of these systems that are depending on these nutrients to function properly.

[19:22] So those are three main categories that we would do with virtually every patient, but beyond that, we could be measuring heavy metals; we could be measuring things such as organic acids; we could be measuring different types of hormones in a very comprehensive fashion, many different types of toxins, and this will change from province to province, state to state in North America, depending on the jurisdiction. So, wherever somebody is licensed to practice will also dictate what they’re able to test and measure.

[19:50] Cassy Price: Right. Of course. So then with gut health, and even nutrient status and stuff, obviously, nutrition is a big part of that. So do you believe that food is medicine and is that one of the first things you start to tailor for your patients?

[20:04] Dr. John Dempster: Everything begins with talking about food. We often will measure how somebody responds to certain foods. Hippocrates said, “Let food be thy medicine, and medicine be thy food.” So we have to look at food as information, and we can choose what type of information we want to give to our body. Do we want to give it negative inflammatory information, or do we want to give it cooling, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory information?

[20:27] This is really important when you’re actually starting to address a program of somebody is to figure out how somebody’s immune system may be responding to certain food groups. Sure, there are going to be staples that apply to virtually all of us. We all know that eating a diet that’s high in hydrogenated fats and processed sugars is probably not a good thing. 

[20:46] But we need to take it further than that. And sometimes, certain food groups that are in the “healthy” category may not be great for the next person. There are some specialized ways of analytics that are out there that can give us some tools to understand how our immune system responds to food. 

[21:04] Cassy Price: Do you collaborate with other clinicians then, such as nutritionists, chiros, etc. to help ensure your patients receive a 360-degree plan?

[21:14] Dr. John Dempster: We do. We have a referral network for anybody that if there are areas that we can’t address with our approach, we are very quick to provide a referral, whatever you said, like a chiropractor. We have a number of nutritionists that we work with that can really help with the meal planning, and that’s something that can also be really helpful for people.

[21:33] It’s one thing for us as doctors and practitioners to say, “This is what we want you to start to eat, and what we want you to start to avoid.” It’s another thing for that patient to walk out the door and suddenly be in the real-life world, where suddenly they’ve got family members that they’ve got to negotiate with, and other people have taste aversions and taste habits, and it’s overwhelming.

[21:53] So, we find it very powerful to work with other practitioners. Nutritionists are extremely beneficial to collaborate with a functional medicine practitioner because they can really help make that a little bit more of an easier transition when you take it from clinic to home in terms of the plan and in the program.

[22:11] Cassy Price: As medicine is so diverse, it is challenging for any one practitioner to stay on top of all facets of medicine at any given time. So this is why we see specialists in the conventional system. Is there a form of specialization within the functional system, as well?

[22:31] Dr. John Dempster: No, not formally. In fact, as naturopathic doctors, we can’t technically specialize in anything. We’re not permitted to do that, but many people will look at functional medicine at some degree of specialty, and we can’t formally say that. But I had a doctor in today, just to give you an example. 

[22:45] I had a doctor, as a patient, come in today. We were reviewing his test results, and he was so impressed and so blown away by the data that he got. He said, “You guys absolutely need to be known as specialists being functional medicine practitioners.” His words, not mine. He really feels like this is where the movement is going, and we need to be starting with this type of approach in order to move on. But he really felt like there was a need for that. Currently, it’s not there. We’re not recognized as specialists, as such. But certainly, there seem to be some educated people questioning that.

[23:15] Cassy Price: You mentioned that in different areas, they have different rights or licensing, etc. I know in Ontario you have prescribing rights as a naturopathic doctor. However, this isn’t the case in all states and provinces. So how do functional medicine practitioners who are not MDs overcome this challenge in areas that don’t have those prescribing rights?

[23:40] Dr. John Dempster: Well, prescribing rights don’t inhibit us. If we don’t have prescribing rights to certain medications, that doesn’t inhibit you from becoming a functional medicine practitioner. I have prescribing rights in Ontario to very few medications, but we technically have those rights: certain hormones that we can prescribe. That gives us prescribing rights, but that’s about it.

[24:00] That really is a very small part of what functional medicine doctors and practitioners can do: prescribing nutritional supplements, prescribing a dietary plan, lifestyle changes. These are all necessary things – stress-reduction exercises. These don’t require you to have a board certification in anything in order to achieve some outcomes that are very powerful. 

[24:19] Functional medicine just gives you that lens to start to really focus on that person. What we give them as tools to leverage their own healing potential inside, that’s up to us in our jurisdiction, but there are many options out there that are far beyond the traditional prescription pad. I wouldn’t let that be something that would deter anybody from going into functional medicine.

[24:39] Cassy Price: Do you find there are any certain supplement or nutrition trends that are impacting the industry right now?

[24:45] Dr. John Dempster: There are always trends, and there are always things that are getting more buds than others. You know, you go through the list of the diets we’ve seen over the last 20 to 30 years, and it’s endless. And it’s not going to stop. But, at the end of the day, you have to treat the person. I really say, “Look.” – And I’ll debate this to the end. If anybody ever says functional medicine is a trend, I’ll say, “No. It’s not. It’s the future.”

[25:10] We’re not focusing our treatments on trendy diets or trendy supplements. We’re focusing on what that patient needs. So we really stay away from any of the trendy stuff just because it’s happening all around us. We focus on what that exact patient needs at the exact time that they need it.

[25:25] Cassy Price: Okay. So then what could a new patient expect in an initial appointment with a functional medicine practitioner?

[25:31] Dr. John Dempster: I can speak to what we do because that’s what I know best. Really, what we’re, again, tending to do is look at a lot of what they’ve done leading up to the time they come to meet us and then picking up where they’ve left off. For example, if somebody comes to work with us, and we have patients that fly in from around the world to come and see us at our clinic here in Toronto. We’ve seen all sorts of different things come through the door.

[25:56] But, really, what we end up looking at, as I alluded to earlier, is we look at some recent tests that they may or may not have done on their own, and that’s fine if they haven’t done anything, and we start fresh. But if they have been to a lot of doctors prior to us, we ask that they bring in any of the testing that they’ve done. My timeframe is the last six months. That’s really going to be a relevant window for us to start to see what’s been done recently. 

[26:17] The other thing that we send our patients, and this needs to also be completed before they come in, and we ask that it’s submitted two days prior to their appointment because if these things are submitted on time, I actually take the time to review, not only their lab results but this online questionnaire that we send to patients.

[26:31] This questionnaire is very much in-depth. A lot of functional docs will also have a very in-depth questionnaire. It takes our average patient around two to three hours to fill out, so you can imagine the depth of information and questioning that we’re asking our patients, even before we meet them. So, these are the types of things that we ask to have up and running.

[26:51] I have read these, and I have reviewed them, even before we meet the patient before they come in the door. When they do arrive for that first appointment, our appointment is an hour long for their initial appointment. And we’re already up and running at that point based on the information they provided, and a large part of that appointment is further investigation. 

[27:07] We are now allowed, as you know, since the COVID era, to do a lot more via telemedicine within our province in Ontario. So whether we’re doing it over a telemedicine call, or we’re doing it in person, we’re doing some degree of a physical examination and an evaluation. Then, I’m basically asking them a lot of direct questions based on what the results were on the questionnaire.

[27:30] At that point, there may be some treatment in that first appointment, but largely it’s figuring out where do I need to begin my investigation or further the investigation for that patient. So that’s often when we will actually run a number of different labs depending on their goals, their unique goals, and their unique situation. Therefore, we are going to take the guessing down a lot. 

[27:51] One of my mottos is: test; don’t guess. So that first appointment is not a lot about treatment. There may be some things that we do based on their previous workup, but we’re going to get some of that data run right away. Then, of course, once their labs come in, we meet for a follow-up and discuss a plan at that point.

[28:09] Cassy Price: I know that you do some IV therapies in your clinics. Can you talk a little bit about that?

[28:13] Dr. John Dempster: Sure. We do a lot of different infusion and injection therapies to help our patients, depending on what their goals are. Of course, we’re doing a workup ahead of time to figure out what their specific deficiencies are. Why this may be helpful to a patient is if we’re ever dealing with somebody who’s got such severe deficiencies, and there are multiple reasons why that might be the case, but, of course, our first line of thought is, what’s going on with their absorption; what’s going on with their gut function and processing inside?

[28:40] We’ve had a lot of patients do tremendously well through different types of infusion therapies. We can infuse a range of different nutrients into somebody, but people will see tremendous benefit from an immune perspective, energy perspective. We certainly can’t claim any cures for anything out there, but we’ve had patients do very well with some common chronic illnesses that we hear a lot of in the news today.

[29:01] Cassy Price: What are some of the common conditions that you support with IV therapy?

[29:09] Dr. John Dempster: We see a lot of people improve with, as I mentioned, dealing with chronic low-energy issues or different types of immune-suppression that they’ve been dealing with there. They’re the types of people that get every cold or flu that comes around. We also have a lot of people that come to us for treatment with different types of cancers, different types of autoimmune diseases, and people that have detoxification issues and want some assistance with that. So those are largely some of the main groups of people that would come to us for IV therapy.

[29:41] Cassy Price: Fantastic. I think this has really helped to clarify what exactly functional medicine is. So, thank you for taking the time to meet with me for this. If our listeners wanted to work with you, how could they go about contacting you?

[29:53] Dr. John Dempster: First of all, we’re in Toronto, in Ontario. Our website is TheDempsterClinic.com. You can jump on there. We’ve got lots of resources that are available for people that don’t become patients, as well, but you’ll be able to book an appointment from the information there, or you can contact our clinic at 416-551-9577.

[30:18] Cassy Price: Awesome. Well, thank you again for joining me today, John. This has been awesome. And thank you to the listeners who have tuned in today. We hope to have you join us next week for another episode of supplementing your health.

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Thank you for listening to Supplementing Health. For more information about our guests, past shows, and future topics, please visit AOR.ca/podcasts or AOR.us/podcasts. Do you have a topic you want us to cover? We invite you to engage with us on social media to request a future topic or email us at marketing@aor.ca. We hope you tune in again next week to learn more about supplementing your health.

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