From 2023, this review of supplemental forms of choline currently available includes choline alfoscerate also known as alpha-glycerophosphocholine (α-GPC or GPC), choline bitartrate, lecithin and citicoline. One of the most used is choline bitartrate, which has shown favorable effects both in preclinical and clinical studies, especially in terms of improved cognitive function.
References:
Kansakar U, Trimarco V, Mone P, Varzideh F, Lombardi A, Santulli G. Choline supplements: An update. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Mar 7;14:1148166. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148166. PMID: 36950691; PMCID: PMC10025538.
