Estrogen, Serotonin and Discomfort
Discomfort is a subjective perception influenced by numerous factors. Sensitivity to discomfort can be vastly different from one person to the next. Some influences on discomfort sensitivity levels include psychological and neurobiological factors, but gender and sex hormones also play a very particular role. Researchers have found that there are actual differences in how men and women experience severity of discomfort, because sex hormones are involved in discomfort transmission and sensitivity. Specifically, estrogen is linked to visceral discomfort sensitivity. That is, discomfort that is diffuse and poorly localized. In multiple disorders that involve visceral discomfort, such as gastrointestinal disturbances and